Posted by
Candy Carter on Sunday, August 16, 2009 3:53:16 PM
Over the past 45 years, there has been an interesting relationship between growth and commodities, in which the average change in commodity prices has roughly equalled the average change in GDP. In the short term, a rising GDP tends to lead to higher commodity prices. In the longer term, when GDP rises sharply, commodity prices tend to stay flat or fall. And when commodity prices rise quickly, GDP tends to struggle.
The 1970s were a notable time when we had soaring commodity prices which short-circuited GDP gains. We had a massive recession between 1973 and 1975 on the heels of OPEC's engineering a massive hike in oil prices.
Commodity prices then moderated, but began rising again in the late 1970s. It took a stalwart Fed Chairman, Paul Volker, to finally halt commodity prices by raising interest rates dramatically, which reduced GDP and allowed more commodity supplies to come on stream. He set the stage for low to negative commodity price growth and a very strong market throughout the 1980s and 1990s.
The 2000s, however, have told a different story. Stocks have dramatically underperformed their long-term average. In fact, the years from 1997 to 2007 may have been the worst ever in real terms. During that period, commodities soared. GDP growth, which until recently looked to be on a strong trajectory, faltered. The last time we saw both the 6-year growth in GDP and the 3-quarter growth in GDP above their averages at the same time was back in 2000. In other words, it's almost been a decade since we've seen above average GDP growth, both short and long-term, simultaneously. (In fact, it's been four years since we've had even short-term GDP growth above average.)
During this long period of slow GDP growth, commodity prices have surged. By the 2nd quarter of 2008, they had risen nearly 185% over a 6-year period. That's a bigger gain then we saw in 1973-4.
Bear in mind that this past decade has not been marked by commodity shortfalls due to political events, as we had in the 1970s. Commodity prices have risen purely as a result of growth – but not growth within the U.S.
As for the most recent 3-quarter period, even assuming growth of 6% during the 3rd quarter of this year (admittedly a reach), the 3-quarter growth rate will still be negative. Yet commodity prices for the same period will have risen 16%. It's unheard of for commodity price growth to be a standard deviation above the mean in the context of negative economic growth! Plus, 6-year commodity price growth is close to 75%, which is off the charts and almost unbelievable given the weakness of the U.S. economy and that of the entire developed world!
My point is that the U.S. has become a non-player in the commodity dynamic. The real players are the emerging markets, which continue to grow like crazy. Indonesia, for instance, will likely grow at an annual rate of 5-6% for the next 6 quarters. China and India will grow even faster. The emerging nations have become more important factors than the developed nations. Nearly 100% of world growth over the next 6-8 quarters will likely come from the emerging markets. And as the emerging markets become bigger and bigger players, their need for commodities will become even greater.
This is bad news for the U.S.
High commodity prices caused growth in the U.S. to be subdued during the 2000s. Now, with the emerging markets growing larger and driving commodity prices higher, U.S. growth will be even more restrained.
Also holding down U.S. growth for some time will be the very tired U.S. consumer, who accounted for over 100% of U.S. growth during the 2000s.
It's not a pretty picture. Nonetheless, it is clear that, for the next 10 years or more, money will be made by those who invest in the hard stuff – commodities – and the emerging markets.
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